Optimal control of real driving emissions

Real driving emissions (RDE) testing is an important legislative tool to reduce the gap between type-approval and real-world of internal combustion engines. Since low fuel consumption nitrogen oxides (NOx) are conflicting objectives, setpoints a Diesel engine its exhaust-gas aftertreatment system have be optimised controlled accordingly. To this end, several authors developed so-called supervisory controller. In order comply with RDE legislation, most approaches use conservative tuning thus sacrifice performance. paper, we explicitly include requirements in optimal control problem, which then solve using direct multiple shooting nonlinear programming. Using solution as benchmark comparing it strategy, find that savings up 3% possible simulation. Furthermore, first step towards online, compliant, controller, Pontryagin’s minimum principle derive fact costate related tailpipe NOx piecewise constant.